Dietary Plant Polyphenols: Effects of Food Processing on Their Content and Bioavailability

Dietary plant polyphenols are natural bioactive compounds that are increasingly attracting the attention of food scientists and nutritionists because of their nutraceutical properties. In fact, many studies have shown that polyphenol-rich diets have protective effects against most chronic diseases. However, these health benefits are strongly related to both polyphenol content and bioavailability, which in turn depend on their origin, food matrix, processing, digestion, and cellular metabolism. Although most fruits and vegetables are valuable sources of polyphenols, they are not usually consumed raw. Instead, they go through some processing steps, either industrially or domestically (e.g., cooling, heating, drying, fermentation, etc.), that affect their content, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability. This review summarizes the status of knowledge on the possible (positive or negative) effects of commonly used food-processing techniques on phenolic compound content and bioavailability in fruits and vegetables. These effects depend on the plant type and applied processing parameters (type, duration, media, and intensity). This review attempts to shed light on the importance of more comprehensive dietary guidelines that consider the recommendations of processing parameters to take full advantage of phenolic compounds toward healthier foods.     

制备方法对铜钴尖晶石氧化物催化碳烟燃烧性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法、固相反应法和尿素水热法制备了铜钴摩尔比为1：2的尖晶石氧化物催化剂用于碳烟催化燃烧. 结果表明,制备方法对铜钴尖晶石氧化物催化碳烟燃烧性能有较大影响. 所制得的催化剂活性顺序为尿素水热法 > 固相反应法 > 溶胶凝胶法. 催化剂采用XRD、BET、SEM、XPS和H2-TPR等方法进行表征,发现尿素水热法制备的铜钴尖晶石氧化物呈现出带有孔隙的微小片状结构,可改善催化剂与碳烟颗粒的接触. 此外,采用尿素水热法制备的催化剂具有较强的氧化还原性能、较高的Co3 /（Co2 Co3 ）比例和较多的活性吸附氧（Oads）. 尿素水热法制得的催化剂的这些特性使其具有最佳的催化碳烟燃烧活性（T50 = 414 ℃,SCO2 = 96.6%）.     

Development of Apple Tissue Based Biocathode and MWCNT−Pt−Au Nanomaterial Based Bioanode Biofuel Cell

A biofuel cell (BFC) was fabricated by combining multiwalled carbon nanotube -platinum-gold (MWCNT−Pt−Au) hybrid nanomaterial, glucose oxidase (GOx) and benzoquinone included carbon felt electrode (CFE) bioanode with apple tissue included CFE biocathode. The working parameters of bioanode were optimized both experimentally and chemometrically. For the biocathode, apple, banana and pear tissues were tried and best power output was obtained with apple tissue. By combining MWCNT−Pt−Au/GOx/CFE bioanode with apple tissue based biocathode, single cell, double cell with membrane and with salt-bridge BFCs were formed. The best power output with highest current density were obtained with single cell BFC.     

超高效液相色谱法同时鉴定育发化妆品中17种植物提取物标识成分

建立了同时鉴定育发化妆品中芍药苷、羟基红花黄色素A、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、阿魏酸等17种植物提取物标识成分的超高效液相分析方法。不同基质的样品经80%甲醇溶液涡旋振荡、超声提取及Na Cl法破乳后,提取液经高速离心处理。选用Waters ACUITY UPLC CSH C18反相色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以甲醇/0.05%H3PO4为流动相,梯度洗脱,然后采用二极阵列管检测器(PDA)进行测定。考察了方法的灵敏度、线性范围、回收率、日内和日间精密度。在本方法条件下,17种标识功效成分在0.2~25 mg/L的浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999;方法检出限为0.3~1.5 mg/kg,方法定量限为1.0~4.0 mg/kg。样品的回收率为93.5%~105.0%,日内精密度(n=6)为0.4%~4.5%,日间精密度(n=6)为0.8%~4.6%。本方法简单、快速、准确,已成功用于实际样品中17种标识功效成分的鉴定检测。     

一价铜改性ZSM-5催化剂及其催化碳烟氧化反应性能研究

采用固态离子交换法制备了系列一价铜改性的ZSM-5催化剂,结合多种表征手段,研究了一价铜改性对碳烟氧化反应催化活性的影响。结果表明,采用固态离子交换法可以制备出高负载量的一价铜改性Cu/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,而不会破坏ZSM-5分子筛原有微孔结构;随催化剂中一价铜比例的增加,低温还原峰和高温还原峰均向低温段移动,且低温还原峰面积增加。改性催化剂对碳烟氧化反应的催化活性随改性元素比例变化先增加后降低;当铜改性比例超过11%后,铜物种的分散性及催化剂对碳烟氧化反应的催化活性均恶化。同时研究还发现,反应气氛中通入NO可以改善催化剂对碳烟氧化反应的催化效果。     

Elemental Analysis of Edible Mountain Nettle (Obetia tenax) and the Influence of Soil on Its Chemical Composition

In developing countries, the dietary intake of essential elements is largely dependent on the consumption of edible fruits and leafy vegetables. The distribution of elements in the indigenous edible plant, Obetia tenax (mountain nettle), was investigated as a function of soil quality from eight sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The results show concentrations of elements in the leaves to be in decreasing order of Ca?>?Mg?>?Fe?>?Mn?>?Zn?>?Cr?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?Co?>?As?>?Cd?>?Se, and in the stems and roots to be in decreasing order of Ca?>?Mg?>?Fe?>?Mn?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?As?>?Pb?>?Co?>?Cd?>?Cr?>?Se. The quality and pollution status of soil was evaluated by geoaccumulation indices and enrichment factors, which indicated moderate cadmium contamination at the Msinga location that was confirmed by the pollution index and ecological risk levels of single-factor pollution. An assessment of overall contamination of soil using Nemerow pollution index showed moderate pollution by cadmium, while the potential toxicity index indicated low-grade risk for all elements at all sites. Principal component and cluster analysis revealed two groups of elements with similarities, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Fe, suggesting a lithogenic source and an anthropogenic source for Pb and Zn. Correlation analysis showed significantly positive correlations between As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni/Cd in the soil, confirming the elements’ common origin.     

大亚湾中微子地下实验室场地的工程地质条件评价

中微子实验目的是测定中微子混合角θ13,这是当前国际粒子物理、核物理、天体物理和宇宙学中一个急待解决的关键问题。目前研究中微子振荡一个国际前沿是利用反应堆中微子实验测量中微子混合角θ13。其地下实验室对场地工程地质条件和环境要求极高。大亚湾核电站的功率高,反应堆紧邻位于排牙山南麓实验预选场址;浑厚的花岗岩山体地下空间可屏蔽宇宙线本底,能提高混合角θ13量测精度。本文通过地形测绘、工程地质调查、综合地球物理勘探、钻探、孔内测试(地应力、钻孔电视和声波)和室内实验,系统分析研究了场址区工程地质条件,得出场区地层岩性和构造断裂不发育,燕山期花岗岩体完整,强度高,地应力不高,地下水主要赋存于裂隙中,岩体渗透系数很小的结论。拟选4个实验厅位置的岩体均属Ⅰ～Ⅱ类围岩,连接隧道的围岩81%属Ⅰ～Ⅲ类。工程地质条件评价结果说明,大亚湾中微子地下实验室可望成为世界上投资少精度最高的测量θ13理想场址。     

氧化碳烟的MnOx(0.4)-CeO2催化剂表面活性物种研究

采用柠檬酸配合燃烧法和共沉淀法制备了MnOx(0.4)-CeO2催化剂,用于模拟碳烟的燃烧.通过XRD、BET、Raman、H2-TPR、O2-TPD与XPS表征催化剂的结构和表面活性物种,并借助原位拉曼研究碳烟的催化氧化机理.结果表明柠檬酸配合燃烧法制备的MnOx(0.4)-CeO2-CA催化剂中有更多的Mn进入了CeO2的立方萤石结构,比表面积更大,氧空位、Mn4+和Ce4+更多,因而氧化还原性能更好,催化氧化碳烟的活性更高.O-在碳烟的氧化中起重要作用,Mn4+和Ce4+有利于氧化反应的进行,氧空位的增加能提高氧的吸附、迁移和转化能力,促进了碳烟的氧化.反应路径为O-溢出参与碳烟的氧化,同时产生氧空位,部分晶格氧O2-补充O-,气相氧不断吸附到氧空位上得到活化生成O2-,O2-转化为O-(可进一步转化为O2-),O-迁移至碳烟颗粒表面参与反应,生成CO2.     

食用植物油中甘油三酯色谱分析方法研究进展

甘油三酯 (TAGs) 是植物油的主要成分(占95%~98%),对植物油的性质有着重要的影响。对其结构组成的分析有助于监控食用植物油质量,保障植物油食用安全。由于甘油骨架上可以结合的脂肪酸很多,导致甘油三酯的种类十分庞大,且一般天然油脂中的甘油三酯不仅物理化学性质非常接近,同时还存在大量的同分异构体和位置异构体。因此甘油三酯的分析是一项非常有挑战性的工作。该文对各类色谱分析技术在食用油中甘油三酯分析方面的应用进行了综述,评述了各方法的优缺点,并对指纹图谱技术和化学计量学方法在植物油鉴定中的应用进行了介绍。     

偏压条件下大型地下厂房围岩变形稳定性分析

根据下坂地水库协力波斯电站工程建设实际,在现场调查和电站区勘探、测试资料基础上深入分析地下厂房地质条件,建立了能够反映厂区地形地貌、岩体结构和地应力状态的三维数值模型。根据地应力实测资料反演拟合初始地应力场背景值,采用三维弹塑性有限差分法模拟了在偏压条件下地下厂房、主变室开挖过程中围岩变形和稳定性状况,揭示了各开挖阶段应力的集中部位和围岩潜在破坏部位,这对于工程具有重要的指导意义。